Partitions

Partition/File System Types

ext4

Moving files in ext4 is nearly instant. Can have files up to 16TB.

fat32

This is type of the EFI partition. Can have files up to 4GB.

swap

If you run out of RAM, your system may be able to use this space rather than crashing applications.

Partition Tables

A partition table is a table that stores where each partition is on the disk. MSDOS is one such table, and it has a limit of 4 partitions. GPT is the current standard.